By mastering bunker shot techniques and understanding the different types and conditions of bunkers, a golfer not only reduces the risk of penalties and high scores but also creates strategic opportunities on the course. Regular practice and evaluating the varied bunker conditions are key to building confidence when playing from these sandy areas. So, what exactly is a bunker shot? Here’s GoGolf’s explanation.
What is a Bunker Shot in Golf?
In the world of golf, the term bunker shot refers to a stroke taken when the ball lies inside a bunker, an area filled with sand designed as a hazard or obstacle. Bunkers are intentionally built into golf courses to add strategic and technical challenges for players. As a result, a bunker shot requires special skills because the surface is not firm ground or closely mown grass, but loose, unstable sand.
Generally, bunker shots fall into two categories based on the bunker’s location relative to the green: greenside bunker shots and fairway bunker shots. Each type demands a different technical approach depending on the distance to the hole, the ball’s position, bunker depth, and sand consistency. This article from GoGolf details the types of bunker shots, how to execute them effectively, and what to watch for when hitting from the sand.
Types of Bunker Shots
Greenside Bunker Shot
A greenside bunker is situated around the green area, serving as a final obstacle before reaching the putting surface. Thus, a greenside bunker shot is a short stroke with the main goal of getting the ball onto the green as close as possible to the hole (flagstick).
Shots from a greenside bunker focus on accuracy, a high ball flight, and a soft landing. Typically, a sand wedge with loft between 54 to 58 degrees is the go-to club for this shot. The biggest challenge in a greenside bunker shot is avoiding direct contact with the ball; instead, the ball is propelled by an explosion of sand created by the club’s swing.
Fairway Bunker Shot
Unlike greenside bunkers, fairway bunkers are located farther from the green, often alongside the fairway. A fairway bunker shot generally requires more distance than a greenside shot. Players often select longer irons (like a 6-iron) or hybrids depending on the distance to the target.
The main challenge with a fairway bunker shot is maintaining stability and shot accuracy, as the sand can slow down the club and cause mishits. The swing technique should closely resemble a normal shot, but players must be careful not to touch the sand before striking the ball—otherwise it could lead to a penalty.
Basic Technique for Greenside Bunker Shots
Use a Sand Wedge
The sand wedge is specially designed for bunker conditions. With its high loft and wide sole (bounce), it helps lift the ball out of the sand easily. This club also allows players to produce sharp shots that stop quickly on the green.
Ball Position Forward in Stance
One key principle in a greenside bunker shot is placing the ball slightly forward of center in your stance. This promotes a steeper swing angle so the club can cut into the sand just under the ball and produce a high, soft shot.
Open Clubface
Keep the clubface open to create extra loft. This open position helps generate an outside-in swing path, which cuts the ball and gets it up quickly. This is very effective when the ball needs to clear a high bunker lip.
Focus on the Sand, Not the Ball
The main goal in a greenside bunker shot is to strike the sand about 2–3 cm behind the ball. The explosion of sand lifts the ball out. Direct contact with the ball should be avoided, as it can cause it to fly too far or hit the bunker’s face.
Your perfect tee time awaits. Download GoGolf now!
Important Points to Remember
Don’t Touch the Sand Before the Shot
According to golf rules, players are not allowed to touch the sand inside a bunker before making their stroke. Violating this rule results in a penalty stroke. Therefore, it’s important to be cautious during the setup and ensure the club doesn’t touch the sand before the swing begins.
Rake the Sand After Use
Golf etiquette requires every player to smooth the sand after playing from a bunker. Use the rake provided near bunkers to level out any footprints or swing marks. This keeps the bunker in good condition for the next players.
Sand Texture Variations
Not all bunker sand is the same. Some are firm, while others are soft and loose. Players need to develop the feel and experience to adjust their swing technique based on sand conditions. For example, very fine, dry sand may require a more aggressive strike to get the ball out cleanly.
The Goals of a Bunker Shot
Getting the Ball Out of the Bunker
The primary aim of a bunker shot is to get the ball out of the sand in one stroke. Although this isn’t always easy, with proper technique and sufficient practice, players can improve their success rate in escaping bunkers.
Placing the Ball Close to the Flagstick
For greenside bunker shots, it’s not just about getting out—it’s also about placing the ball as close to the flagstick as possible. This is crucial to set up an easier putt and avoid bogeys or even save par.
Minimizing the Risk of a High Score
A failed bunker shot can lead to a poor score like a double or triple bogey. That’s why successfully executing bunker shots can significantly impact a player’s overall performance in a round.
Conclusion: Mastering the Art of Bunker Shots
With consistent practice, careful reading of bunker conditions, and understanding the right techniques, golfers can turn bunkers from intimidating hazards into manageable parts of their game strategy. A confident bunker shot doesn’t just save strokes—it can change the entire momentum of play. Keep honing these skills, and what once felt like a daunting challenge may soon become one of your strengths on the course.
